The device needing more power won’t get it, simple. Depending on what device it is, it will automatically throttle down so it needs less power, but obviously it will also deliver less performance while so throttled. And if the power is missing during a very sensitive part of a process so there’s no time to throttle down, your PC could blue screen or restart.
It’s very unlikely to suffer any long-term damage from this.
Oddly, this also seems like a very weird Nazi token. Hitler’s name is misspelled: he never was called “Adolph”, ever.
Also, the Nazi swastika is always supposed to be tilted at 45°, also not the case here.
Almost if it’s not authentic at all.