Let say I want to try Linux but I want to keep my Windows OS intact (for now), and I only have 1 SSD in my PC.
Is there a solution that I can just partition the drive, install Linux, switch between OS by just restarting without affecting the other, AND later on remove one OS without wiping the SSD?
Yes, first you need to resize the partition to accommodate the new OS. Usually 40-60 GB is good enough for minimal linux installation if you didn’t do any gaming or other massive applications. The resizing can be done in windows using disk management utility baked into windows, or some other partition manager (easeus, magic tools, etc). After that, linux can be safely installed in the free space as a single partition.
Now, sometimes the bootloader is fucked, but it is quite easy to fix. In fact, if you use grub, it usually runs os-probe for you to check for any other OS. So sometimes, fixing it is as simple as rerunning grubmkconfig. But there are other times where it is not as simple. It will vary depending on what happened and too long to list here. Arch Wiki usually covers a lot of the topic so you could try searching there, especially on the topic of boot sequence.
Lastly, if you need to move the partition, the data already inside will need to be moved too. This can take time depending on the size. But it is doable and safe.
If, later down the road you want to remove either OS, you can simply remove the partition after moving the data first. Linux can mount ntfs natively so no problem there. On windows, there is a program called ext4 explorer or something along the line to browse and copy from linux filesystem (which is usually ext4). Don’t forget to remove the boot information too after you’re done removing the partition.
Now there is also the other suggestion to use a live environment but I didn’t suggest it since the experience can be lacking and more hassle in and of itself.
I want to add to this that Windows sometimes has its own ideas and decides it owns the disk. I had a dual boot with Windows and Linux and Windows updated and fucked up the file system. I was able to recover almost everything without that much issue, that it did require some extra tools and some knowledge. The boot partition I never recovered though. (I was able to fix it to get it to boot into the Linux install again, but not Windows no matter what I tried.)
This was about a year ago, maybe a bit more. The issue I had with Linux prior to this, which is why I was dual booting, was gaming. At this point gaming was perfectly fine for me to ditch windows, so I just grabbed all the files I needed to keep and set the drive up new with a fresh install.
Thanks, but on second thought I don’t want to risk anything as I’m not quite the “technical” kind. I don’t even know how to dual boot 2 different windows version. I don’t think I’ll be able to fix it if anything broke.
So I’ll buy another cheap SSD and put Linux on it while unplugged my old SSD. Then I’ll be choosing the boot drive during POST.
I’m damn sick of Windows BS, I hope this’ll work out.
Yeah, that’s fair. But I will still recommend anyone trying out linux AND having a problem to consult Arch Wiki when they can. It is amazing what they have there. It will also increase your technical understanding of how your system works overtime. But if you don’t have any problems when driving linux, that is good too. It just means linux for the masses is coming closer.
For some distro recommendations, if you love to tinker, I’d say go arch. You will learn a lot about your computer too, and it is also how I learn about mine and get the know how for a lot of things now. But also, if you don’t have the time to tinker, I’d recommend bazzite. I’ve read their documentation and came to the conclusion that if anything goes wrong, it would be easy to recover from it, has great community, and is based on a solid distro.
I just installed Linux Mint into a dual boot setup recently. Unsurprisingly, their install process made it pretty easy to partition the drive and have everything play nice together.
I shrinked the windows main partition(the C: drive) to like only 70gb since i don’t want to use it at all, then made a live usb and go with custom partition selection. Then you have to give certain partitions for linux. The /boot/efi should be selected as windows boot partition so both show up in bootloader.
Then you have to create a root and swap partition atleast, and you can have seperate home partition if you want tp install different linux distro without losing data in first linux.
Both of those will have worse performance, but I don’t see why they wouldn’t work. Just whenever it needs to grab more data it’ll have to go to the USB to get it, which is slow. You could load the game that’s stored on the disk already (this will require more effort and knowledge than installing Steam and it installing it locally on your Linux drive), so that’d be better, but the system data will be slow. If you have a lot of RAM it’ll reduce how often data is grabbed, so it’ll reduce the issues after boot.
I’ve been trying out Mint (Cinnamon) for some months now. I have an AMD Ryzen 5 3600 CPU and an AMD Radeon 6700XT graphics card, both of which work splendidly on Mint out of the box. This installation is my first ever attempt at using Linux, with dual booting on top of it (on the same sdd with partitioning), but I’d say it set up more nicely than any Windows formatting I’ve ever done over the years. Writing the .iso file to a USB drive was a bit different than I’m used to using Rufus for Windows, but Rufus can write it.
Mint (Cinnamon) is based on Ubuntu, which itself is a massively changed Debian but with still a good compatibility with it on the surface.
While Arch is great and all, if you are looking for a life-line after years of being a Windows user but finally deciding to not move on to the next Windows version because of all the shit they keep breaking and all the other ad and data mining they do on those versions, Mint is a great starting distro. It gets installed with all the hardware drivers present, for AMD hardware at least but Nvidia should work, too. No need to set up a modern working computer environment with requirement to install anything to get your things working. As long as OS installation goes correctly and it boots up, you are good to go.
As for regular stuff:
Libre Office is pre installed, and I find it pretty good even tho I had quite the dislike for it before. Select a theme and a layout preset for the toolbar, you are right in your element as if you are continuing to use MS Office.
Gaming with Steam is just turning on one setting in Steam settings, the compatibility tab (Proton), and that’s it. Most games work out of the box. For others, check ProtonDB for what people say about the game. They usually work, or there is a little basic fiddling required at best. I can play Hunt: Showdown with Easy Anti Cheat without a hassle on it. Just another little Proton file installed, that’s all.
For Windows-only programs, you can use Wine. Wine works in the background, and when properly installed, it allows you to just double click any .exes and run them. Programs can be a bit slower than using them on Windows, but most of them work on Linux with Wine if it is what matters to switch from Windows. You can play a lot of non-Steam games through that, too.
Mint has a Microsoft Store-like program repository where you can install programs and their dependencies with one click. This works well most of the time, but sometimes Flatpak versions of these can be problematic. I’ve had Steam, Discord and Wine installed through it, and they had problems to some extent. For these, I switched to grabbing .deb installation files through their own websites, or in the case of Wine, installed through its own instructions on its website using a few terminal commands, which isn’t more complicated than using Registry editor or Group editor in Windows.
Most other common stuff has good alternatives, with downsides or upsides. Switching from MPC to VLC, from Photoshop to Gimp, MS Office to Libre Office, etc. The internet forums have many detailed answers to these, or you can always ask for thoughts yourself. There usually is an alternative most of the time.
One thing to keep in mind: As Mint Cinnamon is based on Ubuntu, you can use answers for Ubuntu most of the time. However, while using the answers, keep these in mind as a form of cheatsheet when troubleshooting, or looking for implementing things:
Mint (Cinnamon) v21 and above are based on Ubuntu 22.04 LTS called Jammy, not Ubuntu 20.04 LTS called Focal(?). Almost all answers for 22.04 LTS will work on Mint Cinnamon, and all repositories and programs for it will work on Mint, too. 20.04 LTS, or recent 24.04 LTS, will have compatibility when looking for answers, but they are not directly what you are using.
Mint Cinnamon also uses Gnome, not KDE, as the desktop environment, so keep that in mind when looking for answers. It also uses X11 of Xorg by default for its base graphics drawing, not Wayland.
One of the most important things to recognise before I start: Don’t try to make something permanent right now. None of this needs to be written in stone. Choose what’s going to be best for you right now and know that in a few weeks or months you might want to change it. With that in mind:
What do you want out of Linux right now? A development system? Are you looking to see what it would be like to move away from Windows? Something else?
Let’s start with the development system. Let’s say you’re comfortable on Windows and just want to do a few things that are easier or more convenient on Linux. In that case, you probably want Windows Subsystem for Linux. This will get you a bunch of things, including the ability to quickly and easily try out a bunch of distributions. Of course, this is going to be primarily a command line experience. You’re not going to get the “full experience” with a desktop environment, etc. But if you just “need Linux for a couple of things,” this is a great intro.
Next, let’s say you want to try Linux out, see what the desktop is like, etc. This is a great opportunity to try a virtual machine. You’ll have limitations (less hardware access, maybe not as smooth a desktop as if it were on the hardware directly), but it’s a great way to play with distributions, especially if you want to explore multiple distros. (I’ll get to distros below)
Got a distro you want and want to try it as your “main environment” for a while? Other folks have mentioned how to dual boot. Here, the most critical part in my opinion is to put your important data onto a third partition that’s easily accessible to both. On Linux, I’d suggest bind mounting directories from that partition in your home directory. If you want to wipe an OS later it’ll be a bit rough, but you can do it. You’ll just need to boot from a live USB to do it, and of course be very careful about what partitions you delete.
Now, for distros:
Everyone is going to recommend their pet distro, and to that end I recommend [REDACTED]. But! Here’s my actual guide for selecting a distro:
Got a friend who’s willing to spend a decent amount of time helping you? Go with whatever they suggest, at least for now. It’s okay if it’s not where you’ll be eventually. What they’re familiar with right now will speed up their ability to help you, which will speed up your learning. What they use may well not be where you end up and that’s okay. I do however have two exceptions to this: first, if they suggest Gentoo or NixOS as your intro distro, find someone else. Gentoo and NixOS are both fantastic, but they are very much not beginner distros. In 6 months or a year though, they might be something you want to play with if you’re interested in doing a deep dive into Linux. Second, have them with you while you’re doing the install. You want to be doing the install, but they should be there to guide you and answer questions.
Doing this on your own? Go with a beginner friendly distro. The main recommendations I have here are Ubuntu spins or Fedora spins. There may well be people who reply to my comment spewing hate about one or both of those recommendations, and while there’s controversy about both of these, at the end of the day they’re both great. (Conflict of interest declaration: I work for the company that makes one of those distros, and the other one is some of our biggest competition. I applied for this job in part because I thought that one of the things the community loves to hate about one of these was Great, Actually™, but I wanted to improve some of the things that I think are actually valid criticisms.)
If internet randoms tell you “X is garbage, don’t use it,” feel free to disregard them. Most Linux distros are great. They all have smart, dedicated people working on them, and they each have their own vision of how they want it done. These ideas conflict sometimes, but that’s okay.
And one final thing… Don’t fight against your distro’s way of doing something. At least not now. Most people telling you to do something that works against the distro are doing so for ideological, not practical, reasons. You don’t need to get involved in ideological wars - enjoy Linux for its positives.!
Remember that in the end, all the distributions end up doing and installing pretty much the same thing (from the user’s pov). It doesn’t matter all that much what you use. Most of the major ones work just fine.
This comment is good, but it’s very much the “scared of change” comment. It recommends the smallest amount of change possible, which might be good for some people but just diving in will probably be a better introduction.
You don’t learn how to swim by sitting in a bath tub. You have to get into the water. Maybe wear some safety gear (dual boot or other options), but if you’re reasonably confident and/or competent you’ll be fine getting into Linux as long as you’re using one of the major distros.
I assume almost everyone who has made it to Lemmy is competent enough with a computer to handle the transition to Linux. It really isn’t all that hard if you know how to use a search engine.
Let say I want to try Linux but I want to keep my Windows OS intact (for now), and I only have 1 SSD in my PC.
Is there a solution that I can just partition the drive, install Linux, switch between OS by just restarting without affecting the other, AND later on remove one OS without wiping the SSD?
Yes, first you need to resize the partition to accommodate the new OS. Usually 40-60 GB is good enough for minimal linux installation if you didn’t do any gaming or other massive applications. The resizing can be done in windows using disk management utility baked into windows, or some other partition manager (easeus, magic tools, etc). After that, linux can be safely installed in the free space as a single partition.
Now, sometimes the bootloader is fucked, but it is quite easy to fix. In fact, if you use grub, it usually runs os-probe for you to check for any other OS. So sometimes, fixing it is as simple as rerunning grubmkconfig. But there are other times where it is not as simple. It will vary depending on what happened and too long to list here. Arch Wiki usually covers a lot of the topic so you could try searching there, especially on the topic of boot sequence.
Lastly, if you need to move the partition, the data already inside will need to be moved too. This can take time depending on the size. But it is doable and safe.
If, later down the road you want to remove either OS, you can simply remove the partition after moving the data first. Linux can mount ntfs natively so no problem there. On windows, there is a program called ext4 explorer or something along the line to browse and copy from linux filesystem (which is usually ext4). Don’t forget to remove the boot information too after you’re done removing the partition.
Now there is also the other suggestion to use a live environment but I didn’t suggest it since the experience can be lacking and more hassle in and of itself.
I want to add to this that Windows sometimes has its own ideas and decides it owns the disk. I had a dual boot with Windows and Linux and Windows updated and fucked up the file system. I was able to recover almost everything without that much issue, that it did require some extra tools and some knowledge. The boot partition I never recovered though. (I was able to fix it to get it to boot into the Linux install again, but not Windows no matter what I tried.)
This was about a year ago, maybe a bit more. The issue I had with Linux prior to this, which is why I was dual booting, was gaming. At this point gaming was perfectly fine for me to ditch windows, so I just grabbed all the files I needed to keep and set the drive up new with a fresh install.
In general dual booting windows and Linux on the same disk is risky.
Thanks, but on second thought I don’t want to risk anything as I’m not quite the “technical” kind. I don’t even know how to dual boot 2 different windows version. I don’t think I’ll be able to fix it if anything broke.
So I’ll buy another cheap SSD and put Linux on it while unplugged my old SSD. Then I’ll be choosing the boot drive during POST.
I’m damn sick of Windows BS, I hope this’ll work out.
Yeah, that’s fair. But I will still recommend anyone trying out linux AND having a problem to consult Arch Wiki when they can. It is amazing what they have there. It will also increase your technical understanding of how your system works overtime. But if you don’t have any problems when driving linux, that is good too. It just means linux for the masses is coming closer.
For some distro recommendations, if you love to tinker, I’d say go arch. You will learn a lot about your computer too, and it is also how I learn about mine and get the know how for a lot of things now. But also, if you don’t have the time to tinker, I’d recommend bazzite. I’ve read their documentation and came to the conclusion that if anything goes wrong, it would be easy to recover from it, has great community, and is based on a solid distro.
I’ll add that id highly recommend making a backup before doing anything. You can more safely try out linux in a virtual machine as well
I just installed Linux Mint into a dual boot setup recently. Unsurprisingly, their install process made it pretty easy to partition the drive and have everything play nice together.
Yes I did this less than a week ago.
I shrinked the windows main partition(the C: drive) to like only 70gb since i don’t want to use it at all, then made a live usb and go with custom partition selection. Then you have to give certain partitions for linux. The /boot/efi should be selected as windows boot partition so both show up in bootloader.
Then you have to create a root and swap partition atleast, and you can have seperate home partition if you want tp install different linux distro without losing data in first linux.
Yes, other options to try linux while keeping windows are windows subsystem linux (wsl) or booting live from a usb
Thanks, what I want to try out is the gaming capabilities. I don’t know if VM or live USB can do that reliably.
I heard that AMD GPUs is better with Linux, right?
Both of those will have worse performance, but I don’t see why they wouldn’t work. Just whenever it needs to grab more data it’ll have to go to the USB to get it, which is slow. You could load the game that’s stored on the disk already (this will require more effort and knowledge than installing Steam and it installing it locally on your Linux drive), so that’d be better, but the system data will be slow. If you have a lot of RAM it’ll reduce how often data is grabbed, so it’ll reduce the issues after boot.
I’ve been trying out Mint (Cinnamon) for some months now. I have an AMD Ryzen 5 3600 CPU and an AMD Radeon 6700XT graphics card, both of which work splendidly on Mint out of the box. This installation is my first ever attempt at using Linux, with dual booting on top of it (on the same sdd with partitioning), but I’d say it set up more nicely than any Windows formatting I’ve ever done over the years. Writing the .iso file to a USB drive was a bit different than I’m used to using Rufus for Windows, but Rufus can write it.
Mint (Cinnamon) is based on Ubuntu, which itself is a massively changed Debian but with still a good compatibility with it on the surface.
While Arch is great and all, if you are looking for a life-line after years of being a Windows user but finally deciding to not move on to the next Windows version because of all the shit they keep breaking and all the other ad and data mining they do on those versions, Mint is a great starting distro. It gets installed with all the hardware drivers present, for AMD hardware at least but Nvidia should work, too. No need to set up a modern working computer environment with requirement to install anything to get your things working. As long as OS installation goes correctly and it boots up, you are good to go.
As for regular stuff:
Libre Office is pre installed, and I find it pretty good even tho I had quite the dislike for it before. Select a theme and a layout preset for the toolbar, you are right in your element as if you are continuing to use MS Office.
Gaming with Steam is just turning on one setting in Steam settings, the compatibility tab (Proton), and that’s it. Most games work out of the box. For others, check ProtonDB for what people say about the game. They usually work, or there is a little basic fiddling required at best. I can play Hunt: Showdown with Easy Anti Cheat without a hassle on it. Just another little Proton file installed, that’s all.
For Windows-only programs, you can use Wine. Wine works in the background, and when properly installed, it allows you to just double click any .exes and run them. Programs can be a bit slower than using them on Windows, but most of them work on Linux with Wine if it is what matters to switch from Windows. You can play a lot of non-Steam games through that, too.
Mint has a Microsoft Store-like program repository where you can install programs and their dependencies with one click. This works well most of the time, but sometimes Flatpak versions of these can be problematic. I’ve had Steam, Discord and Wine installed through it, and they had problems to some extent. For these, I switched to grabbing .deb installation files through their own websites, or in the case of Wine, installed through its own instructions on its website using a few terminal commands, which isn’t more complicated than using Registry editor or Group editor in Windows.
Most other common stuff has good alternatives, with downsides or upsides. Switching from MPC to VLC, from Photoshop to Gimp, MS Office to Libre Office, etc. The internet forums have many detailed answers to these, or you can always ask for thoughts yourself. There usually is an alternative most of the time.
One thing to keep in mind: As Mint Cinnamon is based on Ubuntu, you can use answers for Ubuntu most of the time. However, while using the answers, keep these in mind as a form of cheatsheet when troubleshooting, or looking for implementing things:
Mint (Cinnamon) v21 and above are based on Ubuntu 22.04 LTS called Jammy, not Ubuntu 20.04 LTS called Focal(?). Almost all answers for 22.04 LTS will work on Mint Cinnamon, and all repositories and programs for it will work on Mint, too. 20.04 LTS, or recent 24.04 LTS, will have compatibility when looking for answers, but they are not directly what you are using.
Mint Cinnamon also uses Gnome, not KDE, as the desktop environment, so keep that in mind when looking for answers. It also uses X11 of Xorg by default for its base graphics drawing, not Wayland.
One of the most important things to recognise before I start: Don’t try to make something permanent right now. None of this needs to be written in stone. Choose what’s going to be best for you right now and know that in a few weeks or months you might want to change it. With that in mind:
What do you want out of Linux right now? A development system? Are you looking to see what it would be like to move away from Windows? Something else?
Let’s start with the development system. Let’s say you’re comfortable on Windows and just want to do a few things that are easier or more convenient on Linux. In that case, you probably want Windows Subsystem for Linux. This will get you a bunch of things, including the ability to quickly and easily try out a bunch of distributions. Of course, this is going to be primarily a command line experience. You’re not going to get the “full experience” with a desktop environment, etc. But if you just “need Linux for a couple of things,” this is a great intro.
Next, let’s say you want to try Linux out, see what the desktop is like, etc. This is a great opportunity to try a virtual machine. You’ll have limitations (less hardware access, maybe not as smooth a desktop as if it were on the hardware directly), but it’s a great way to play with distributions, especially if you want to explore multiple distros. (I’ll get to distros below)
Got a distro you want and want to try it as your “main environment” for a while? Other folks have mentioned how to dual boot. Here, the most critical part in my opinion is to put your important data onto a third partition that’s easily accessible to both. On Linux, I’d suggest bind mounting directories from that partition in your home directory. If you want to wipe an OS later it’ll be a bit rough, but you can do it. You’ll just need to boot from a live USB to do it, and of course be very careful about what partitions you delete.
Now, for distros:
Everyone is going to recommend their pet distro, and to that end I recommend [REDACTED]. But! Here’s my actual guide for selecting a distro:
If internet randoms tell you “X is garbage, don’t use it,” feel free to disregard them. Most Linux distros are great. They all have smart, dedicated people working on them, and they each have their own vision of how they want it done. These ideas conflict sometimes, but that’s okay.
And one final thing… Don’t fight against your distro’s way of doing something. At least not now. Most people telling you to do something that works against the distro are doing so for ideological, not practical, reasons. You don’t need to get involved in ideological wars - enjoy Linux for its positives.!
Those are wise words.
Remember that in the end, all the distributions end up doing and installing pretty much the same thing (from the user’s pov). It doesn’t matter all that much what you use. Most of the major ones work just fine.
This comment is good, but it’s very much the “scared of change” comment. It recommends the smallest amount of change possible, which might be good for some people but just diving in will probably be a better introduction.
You don’t learn how to swim by sitting in a bath tub. You have to get into the water. Maybe wear some safety gear (dual boot or other options), but if you’re reasonably confident and/or competent you’ll be fine getting into Linux as long as you’re using one of the major distros.
I assume almost everyone who has made it to Lemmy is competent enough with a computer to handle the transition to Linux. It really isn’t all that hard if you know how to use a search engine.